Tarita Foundation ARCHIVE

Tarita Foundation

Picturing Chinese America

Between 1866 and 1931, photographs of Chinese people in America were made by commercial studios, railroad companies and wire services, and sold to a national audience that was, over those same years, arguing about whether Chinese people should be allowed into the country at all. By the Second World War the same audience was being handed posters, magazine covers, a comic book and postcards asking it to see China as a friend. This archive catalogues 37 such objects. Each one is recorded twice: as a picture, and as a printed caption written by someone else.

37 objects · 43 photographs · 1866–1944 · from the collection of the Dehuai Foundation for Historical Images · version 0.2 (second accession)

The collection at a glance

37
Objects catalogued

Each record is one physical object. Where an object was photographed front and back, both images sit on the same record.

1866–1944
Years covered

From an 1866 copyright line on a San Francisco storefront view to a bilingual rescue notice for downed airmen, its stamp cancelled in October 1945.

19
Named makers

Studios, photographers, publishers and issuing bodies identified by the imprint on the object, from Carleton Watkins in San Francisco to United China Relief.

The archive does not treat a printed caption as a statement of fact. It treats it as evidence of how the object was sold.

Catalogue

Series
Type

37 of 37 objects shown

TFA-CA-122Blood Chit
TFA-CA-122 — The blood chit: the flag of the Republic of China, the printed sentence 來華助戰洋人(美國)軍民一體救護 [this foreigner (an American) has come to China to help in the war; soldiers and civilians alike, rescue and protect him], the 航空委員會 [Aeronautical Affairs Commission] line with its blank serial, the rubbed red rectangle at the centre, and twenty-two signatures. Several signatures on the red field are faint against the printed ground.

Blood chit lettered 航空委員會 [Aeronautical Affairs Commission], 22 signatures, most matching AVG roster names

A cloth panel, hemmed on all four sides, with the flag of the Republic of China printed across the top and four columns of heavy black characters…

Undated. The printed form is the Aeronautical Affairs Commission blood chit distributed to American airmen in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War; the date of this printing, and the date of the signatures, are not established.·Unidentified maker. The panel is lettered 航空委員會…

TFA-CA-123Poster
TFA-CA-123 — The sheet as photographed on a wood table: the title across the top, the sun-and-star device at upper right, and the stacked figures below.

"UNITED CHINA RELIEF": armed figures and a figure lying in reeds, under a sun-and-star device

Six figures, and a hand rising at the lower edge whose body is not visible, are stacked up the sheet against bare paper and strokes of reed or grass.…

Undetermined. The only dating evidence is the printed name United China Relief, which the body used from February 1941 until it was renamed United Service to China (1947 in the archival finding aids; some accounts give mid-1946). The date of this printing is not established.·Unidentified. The sheet prints the name United China Relief…

TFA-CA-127Comic Book
TFA-CA-127 — The front cover: “CHENNAULT and His FLYING TIGERS” over the four-panel contents strip, with the blurb circle, the issue number and the ten-cent price.

Real Heroes No. 7 cover, “CHENNAULT and His FLYING TIGERS,” with a leaf carrying “Reel Real Heroes”

The cover carries REAL HEROES in black display letters across a stars-and-stripes ground. A yellow circle at the upper right reads “7 Full Length…

1942 or later; no date is printed on either photographed page. Catalogue records consulted only through search summaries give No. 7 as November 1942, which the archive does not assert.·Cover artist unidentified; issued by Parents’ Magazine…

TFA-CA-128Photograph
TFA-CA-128 — Recto: the reproduced photograph and its single printed caption line, "Stilwell consults with the generals of the Chinese Expeditionary Force".

Photograph captioned "Stilwell consults with the generals of the Chinese Expeditionary Force"

Four men sit around a table in a dark interior of timber posts and hanging matting, lit from the front. At the left, seen almost in profile, a man in…

Photograph c. 1942–1944 if the caption identifies the scene correctly (Stilwell's China-Burma-India command ran from February 1942 to his recall on 19 October 1944); this printing undated·Unidentified photographer; no publisher, agency, credit…

TFA-CA-132Advertisement
TFA-CA-132 — The advertisement, photographed face up in its sleeve. The yellow spine strip along the right edge carries the issue line “December, 1943 | THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE | Vol LXXXIV, No. 6”; whether it belongs to this leaf is not established.

Coca-Cola advertisement, “Have a ‘Coke’= Good winds have blown you here”, magazine leaf, 1943

A painted group beneath the overhead structure of an aircraft. Six American figures surround a single Chinese soldier: three at the left, two at the…

1943 (imprint on the advertisement: “COPYRIGHT 1943, THE COCA-COLA COMPANY”); December 1943 if the yellow spine strip lying at the right edge of the photograph — “December, 1943 … Vol LXXXIV, No. 6” — belongs to this leaf·The Coca-Cola Company (imprint printed at the foot of the…

TFA-CA-133Postal Cover
TFA-CA-133 — The printed face: English instructions at left, the Chinese text in thirteen columns at right, and the CHINA RELIEF charity seal tied by a datestamp of January 1945.

“CHINESE FRIENDS” bilingual card, with a CHINA RELIEF seal tied by a 1945 datestamp

A card printed on two halves. On the left, six statements of English headed CHINESE FRIENDS: tell a reader what to do with the person carrying the…

Card undated; on the evidence of the United States national aircraft insignia it prints, it cannot have been printed before 28 June 1943. The affixed seal is tied by a circular datestamp reading JA 2[0?] / 1945·Unidentified. No publisher, printer, issuing body or series…

TFA-CA-136Postal Cover
TFA-CA-136 — The printed face: the English bearer's notice at left with the Chinese-American shield and the United States star-and-bar aircraft insignia beneath it, the longer Chinese appeal at right, and the 5c "Toward United Nations" stamp tied by the U.S.S. Marvin H. McIntyre datestamp of 23 October 1945.

"CHINESE FRIENDS": bilingual appeal for a shot-down American flyer, tied by a US Navy ship's datestamp, 1945

A single printed leaf divided down the middle by one vertical rule. At the left, a bold roman heading and six short English sentences in a lighter…

Printed text undated; the printed Chinese reports American forces fighting their way over from the Philippines, so the text was composed while that campaign was under way. The sheet carries a 5c United States adhesive tied by a ship datestamp reading OCT 23 1945.·Unidentified. No agency name, printer's imprint, leaflet or…